Definition of dental caries: It is a worsening damage to the structure of the tooth, which develops if left untreated to painful and destructive stages; weakens the tooth, leaving the chance of survival weaker, unless it is quickly initiated to lift the necrosis in the early stages of it.
Causes of caries
Many people think that cavities occur because of neglect of teeth and not only care for cleanliness, but decay occurs scientifically if combined the following factors:
1 - Carbohydrate materials: Foods that contain high carbohydrate, such as: sugars, carbohydrates, ice cream, sweets, fruits, juice is the most important materials that help to decay if they remain on the surface of the tooth for a long time.
2 - Bacteria: The sugars alone can not occur Tasosa only with the presence of bacteria, and there are certain types of bacteria to help the occurrence of decay, including: Spherical bacteria, and bacteria in the shape of the barber.
3 - tooth decay: due to malnutrition in periods of tooth formation, where the proportion of minerals in the teeth, such as calcium and phosphate; which leads to the fragility of the teeth.
4. Time factor: If the teeth are not cleaned properly and regularly, it becomes difficult to control the (bacterial plaque) formed on the teeth and effectively removed, and therefore will begin tooth decay.
How Does Caries Occur?
The following steps show how this disease occurs:
- Leave on the teeth the residues of foods containing carbohydrates at a high rate; such as: sweets, bread, fruit, juice.
The bacteria found in the mouth then digest these residues, especially sugar and starch, and turn them into acids.
These acids and bacteria combine with food waste to form a sticky substance, the plaque, which in turn attaches to the teeth and stands out clearly on the back teeth, but they appear on all teeth, on the gums and at the edges of the fillings.
- The acids present in the plaque dissolve the enamel surface of the tooth - the outer layer of the tooth, which consists of a substance called hydroxyapatite - updated cavities are initially small and painless, and are an ideal place for breeding germs, and grow inside the tooth to reach the ivory (middle layer of the crown Age) Updated pain when eating cold and hot, then to the core of the tooth (blood vessels and nerves) where it becomes painful especially at night.
Treatment of tooth decay
There are many different treatments for decay, depending on the extent of tooth decay. If the caries is not widespread, the rotten part of the tooth is removed by drilling and replaced by a platter made of a silver, ceramic, gold or resin alloy. Materials used to make fillings are safe. Particular concerns have been raised about silver based on mercury, but the American Dental Association, the US Food and Drug Administration and other public health agencies continue to support the safety of the use of these substances in dental repair. Sensitivity to silver amalgam is rare, as is the sensitivity to other minerals of restoration.
If tooth decay expands and little tooth structure remains, crowns can be used. If the crown is needed, the rotten or weak part of the tooth is removed, the tooth pillar is placed, and the crown is then mounted on the rest of the tooth. The crowns are made of gold, porcelain or porcelain welded with metal.
If the rot causes death of the nerve or the core of the tooth, treatment is done to the root. In root treatment the center of the tooth (including the nerve, blood vessels and tissues) is removed with rotting tooth parts. The root is then filled with filler material. If needed, a crown can also be installed on the stuffed tooth.
A number of new caries treatments are in the development phase. Experimental treatment Fluorescent light is used to detect the presence of decay long before it is detected by traditional methods, such as x-ray or dental examination. In many cases, if decay is detected early, it can be stopped or repaired tooth decay.
Researchers are also working on the development of a "smart grinder" to prevent tooth decay by slowly releasing fluoride around the grooves and adjacent teeth
